VIP
10MGVasoactive intestinal peptide, 28 residues.
6 peer-reviewed citations for this compound
Read the sourcesVolume tiers count vials of this compound at this strength. Mixing different compounds does not combine toward a tier.
- ≥99% purity specification
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- Research use only
Released against a ≥99% HPLC purity specification and supplied as a sealed laboratory reagent for in vitro research use only.
- Type
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide
- CAS number
- 37221-79-7
- Molecular weight
- 3325.8 g/mol
- Amino acids
- 28
- Form
- Lyophilized powder
- Vial strength
- 10MG
- Purity specification
- ≥99% by HPLC
Identifiers are published properties of the molecule. Values we cannot confirm are omitted rather than estimated.
Dispatch
Ships within 1 business day of order confirmation, from the US. Vials ship lyophilized at ambient temperature; move them to the storage condition below on arrival.
Lyophilized
Store at -20°C, protected from light. Stable 24+ months sealed.
Reconstituted
Store at 2-8°C. Use within approximately 30 days.
How VIP is described to act.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide signals through three class B G-protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2, of which VPAC1 and VPAC2 bind VIP with high affinity and couple principally to adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP. In mouse T cells VPAC1 is expressed constitutively while VPAC2 is induced only after T cell receptor stimulation or cytokine exposure, and the two receptors transduce different effects, so receptor-selective genetic models rather than ligand studies define the pathway. Downstream cyclic-AMP-dependent signalling inhibits TNF-alpha production by activated microglia and other myeloid cells and shifts helper T cell cytokine output between Th1 and Th2 profiles in rodent systems.
Mechanistic descriptions summarize published in vitro and animal work. They are not a representation of efficacy or safety in any subject, and no administration guidance is given or implied.
VPAC2-null mice had normal baseline serum immunoglobulins, blood leukocyte levels and splenic T cell subsets, but showed significantly enhanced hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity together with IgE anti-hapten responses and active cutaneous anaphylaxis at least 70% lower than wild-type controls. Systemic administration of VIP reduced the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, abrogating joint swelling and destruction of cartilage and bone in that model. Targeted deletion of the VIP gene in mice produced moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension with right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodelling, perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and increased mortality, attenuated after four weeks of VIP treatment. The direction of effect is not uniform: in DSS-induced colitis VIP increased disease severity through VPAC1, with VPAC1-knockout mice showing milder colitis than wild-type and VPAC2-knockout mice showing worse histopathology and higher tissue IL-6, IL-1beta and MMP-9. In humans, the randomized placebo-controlled TESICO trial of intravenous aviptadil (synthetic VIP) in COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure was stopped for futility by its data and safety monitoring board and reported an odds ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.55; P=0.54) for a better category of its day-90 ordinal outcome, with no significant improvement over placebo.
Sources & references
Cited literature is provided for scientific reference only and does not constitute a representation of efficacy or safety in any subject. All research findings presented are sourced from peer-reviewed journals and are provided for educational reference only.
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- 06
Every entry links to its record at the publisher or on PubMed. Titles are reproduced exactly as published.
Further searches
Live database searches for VIP, run against the current index and retrieved independently of this site.
Bench handling, not a dosing guide.
Intended use
Supplied exclusively as a research reagent for in vitro and laboratory use by qualified researchers. Not a drug, dietary supplement, cosmetic or medical device, and not for human or veterinary use. No dosing, route or administration guidance is provided for any compound in this catalog.
Personal protection
Handle in a controlled laboratory environment with gloves and eye protection. Avoid generating or inhaling airborne particulate when opening a vial, and do not handle the material outside a designated work area.
Opening and reconstitution
Lyophilized peptides are hygroscopic. Let the sealed vial equilibrate to room temperature before opening so atmospheric moisture does not condense onto the powder. Reconstitute by directing diluent down the vial wall and swirling until dissolved — do not shake, which shears and foams the peptide.
Stability and aliquoting
Store at -20°C, protected from light. Stable 24+ months sealed. Store at 2-8°C. Use within approximately 30 days. Aliquot reconstituted material and minimize repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Waste disposal
Dispose of unused material, reconstituted solutions and sharps through your institution's chemical and biological waste stream, in accordance with local regulations. Do not dispose of research material in domestic waste or to drain.
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Important research notice
Not for human consumption. This product is sold exclusively for research and educational purposes. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
This material is supplied exclusively as a research reagent for in vitro and laboratory use by qualified researchers. It is not a drug, dietary supplement, cosmetic, or medical device, is not intended for human or veterinary use, and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. No dosing, administration, therapeutic, or benefit claims are made or implied. Cited literature is provided for scientific reference only and does not constitute a representation of efficacy or safety in any subject.
By purchasing this product, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher and will use it in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.